60 research outputs found
Constraints for Semistructured Data and XML
Integrity constraints play a fundamental role in database design. We review initial work on the expression of integrity constraints for semistructured data and XML
XQuery!: An XML Query Language with Side Effects
Abstract. As XML applications become more complex, there is a growing interest in extending XQuery with side-effect operations, notably XML updates. However, the presence of side-effects is at odds with XQueryâs declarative semantics which leaves evaluation order unspecified. In this paper, we define âXQuery!â, an extension of XQuery 1.0 that supports first-class XML updates and user-level control over update application, preserving the benefits of XQueryâs declarative semantics when possible. Our extensions can be easily implemented within an existing XQuery processor and we show how to recover basic database optimizations for such a language.
Static and dynamic semantics of NoSQL languages
We present a calculus for processing semistructured data that spans
differences of application area among several novel query languages, broadly
categorized as "NoSQL". This calculus lets users define their own operators,
capturing a wider range of data processing capabilities, whilst providing a
typing precision so far typical only of primitive hard-coded operators. The
type inference algorithm is based on semantic type checking, resulting in type
information that is both precise, and flexible enough to handle structured and
semistructured data. We illustrate the use of this calculus by encoding a large
fragment of Jaql, including operations and iterators over JSON, embedded SQL
expressions, and co-grouping, and show how the encoding directly yields a
typing discipline for Jaql as it is, namely without the addition of any type
definition or type annotation in the code
Qualité Biologique de l'Eau de Consommation et MalAdaptabilités Biologiques chez des Enfants de 6 à 59 Mois de Milieux Socio-Sanitaires Différents
Les mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques de lâenfant semblent ĂȘtre le produit des stimulations offertes par le milieu de vie. Lâinfluence de celles-ci sur le fonctionnement biophysiologique de lâenfant nâest pas suffisamment examinĂ©e. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude se propose de comparer les mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques des enfants consommant une eau de qualitĂ© pathogĂšne Ă celles de leurs pairs ayant accĂšs Ă une eau de qualitĂ© non pathogĂšne. Cet examen a portĂ© sur 152 enfants ivoiriens ĂągĂ©s de 6 Ă 59 mois. Chez ces derniers, des prĂ©lĂšvements dâeau selon la source disponible dans le mĂ©nage ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s. Ces analyses ont permis de dĂ©terminer le niveau de contamination microbiologique en recourant Ă la mĂ©thode de la filtration sur membrane. Lâexamen des mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques des deux groupes dâenfants sâest fait en considĂ©rant les frĂ©quences de pathologies physiques rĂ©currentes en une annĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les sujets qui consomment une eau de qualitĂ© pathogĂšne prĂ©sentent une frĂ©quence de mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques supĂ©rieure Ă celle de leurs pairs consommant une eau de meilleure qualitĂ© microbiologique. Par exemple, les pathologies hydriques, telles les infections entĂ©riques, sont significativement diffĂ©rentes entre les deux groupes de nourrissons et dâenfants. On note respectivement une frĂ©quence de 8,9% ; 7,2% contre 0% ; 0%. Ces rĂ©sultats confirment lâhypothĂšse selon laquelle la qualitĂ© microbiologique de lâeau consommĂ©e dans un milieu de vie constitue un facteur qui exerce une action diffĂ©rentielle sur lâapparition des mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques.
The biological maladjustments of the child seem to be the product of the stimuli offered by the living environment. The influence of these stimuli on the biophysiological functioning of the child has not been sufficiently examined. The present study compares the biological maladjustments of children consuming water of pathogenic quality with those of their peers having access to water of non-pathogenic quality. The study involved 152 Ivorian children aged 6 to 59 months. Water samples were taken from these children according to the source available in the household. These analyses were used to determine the level of microbiological contamination using the membrane filtration method. The examination of the biological maladjustments of the two groups of children was done by considering the frequencies of recurrent physical pathologies in one year. The results show that subjects consuming water of pathogenic quality have a higher frequency of biological maladjustments than their peers consuming water of better microbiological quality. For example, waterborne pathologies such as enteric infections are significantly different between the two groups of infants and children. The frequency was 8.9% and 7.2% respectively, compared to 0% and 0%. These results support the hypothesis that the microbiological quality of the water consumed in a living environment is a factor that exerts a differential action on the occurrence of biological maladjustments
RĂ©silience Biophysique chez des Patients Adultes dâHĂ©rĂ©ditĂ© DiffĂ©rents Ă Abidjan
Lâadaptation biophysique chez les personnes en situation de diabĂšte semble dĂ©pendre soit du biotype, ou de lâhĂ©ritabilitĂ© Ă©cobiologique, soit des caractĂšres hĂ©rĂ©ditaires acquis dont ils bĂ©nĂ©ficient. La contribution de chacune de ces identitĂ©s biosinguliĂšres dans le rĂ©ajustement biophysiologique de ces derniers est loin d'ĂȘtre suffisamment explorĂ©e. Le prĂ©sent travail se propose dâexaminer la rĂ©silience physique des patients adultes ayant diffĂ©rentes formes dâhĂ©rĂ©ditĂ© du diabĂšte. Elle porte sur 225 participants diabĂ©tiques ayant un Ăąge compris entre 35 et 54 ans dont 100 hommes et 125 femmes prĂ©sentant diffĂ©rentes sources dâinfection du diabĂšte. Les donnĂ©es relatives aux caractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques et lâorigine du diabĂšte ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es Ă travers un questionnaire de 20 items en face Ă face. La mesure du profil physique des sujets sâest faite en considĂ©rant le poids, lâIndice de Masse Corporelle (IMC), le tour de taille et de hanche. Ceux-ci ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus par lâutilisation dâune balance Ă©lectronique (le poids), et dâun ruban mĂštre (tours de taille et de hanche). Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s entre les diabĂ©tiques selon la âdiabĂ©togenĂšseâ. Le test anova multivariĂ© pour la comparaison multiple, le test t de student pour la comparaison deux Ă deux des paramĂštres physiques ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour lâĂ©valuation de lâinfluence de lâhĂ©rĂ©ditĂ© sur lâĂ©volution des caractĂšres physiques du sujet diabĂ©tique. Les rĂ©sultats aux tests statistiques prĂ©cĂ©demment Ă©voquĂ©s montrent que les patients ayant hĂ©ritĂ© du diabĂšte prĂ©sentent des poids, des IMC moyens infĂ©rieur Ă ceux de leurs pairs nâayant pas hĂ©ritĂ© du diabĂšte, aprĂšs vingt-quatre (24) mois de prise en charge. Des rĂ©sultats similaires sont observĂ©s concernant les proportions des tours de taille et de hanche des deux groupes de patients. Les patients diabĂ©tiques ayant hĂ©ritĂ© du diabĂšte seraient physiquement plus rĂ©silients que leurs homologues nâayant pas hĂ©ritĂ© du diabĂšte. Cette rĂ©silience est plus accrue chez les femmes. La source du diabĂšte ou la diabĂ©togenĂšse influencerait la rĂ©gulation physique du sujet diabĂ©tique.
Biophysical adaptation in people with diabetes appears to depend on either biotype, or ecobiological heritability, or acquired traits that they have. The contribution of each of these biosingular identities in their biophysiological readjustment is far from being sufficiently explored. The present work proposes to examine the physical resilience of adult diabetics with different hereditary diabetes. The study involved 225 diabetic patients aged between 35 and 54 years, including 100 men and 125 women presenting different sources of diabetes infection. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and origin of diabetes were collected through a 20 face to face questionnaire. The measurement of physical profile of the subjects was done by considering the weight, the body mass index (BMI), the hip circumferences. These were obtained by using an electronic scale (Weight), and tape measure for waist size and hip circumferences. The data were compared between diabetics according to diabetogenesis. The multivariate anova test for multiple comparisons and Studentâs t-test for pairwise comparison of physical parameters was used to evaluate the influence of heredity on the evolution of physical characteristics of the diabetic subject.
The results of the statistical tests mentioned above show that diabetics with inherited diabetes have a lower average weight and BMI than their peers without inherited diabetes after twenty-four (24) months of care. Similar results are observed for the proportions of waist and hip circumferences of both groups of patients. inherited diabetic patients would be physically more resilient than their non-inherited. This resilience is much greater in women. The source of diabetes or diabetogenesis would influence the physical regulation of the diabetic subject
Qualité Biologique de l'Eau de Consommation et Mal-adaptabilités Biologiques chez des Enfants de 6 à 59 Mois de Milieux Socio-sanitaires Différents
Les mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques de lâenfant semblent ĂȘtre le produit des stimulations offertes par le milieu de vie. Lâinfluence de celles-ci sur le fonctionnement biophysiologique de lâenfant nâest pas suffisamment examinĂ©e. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude se propose de comparer les mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques des enfants consommant une eau de qualitĂ© pathogĂšne Ă celles de leurs pairs ayant accĂšs Ă une eau de qualitĂ© non pathogĂšne. Cet examen a portĂ© sur 152 enfants ivoiriens ĂągĂ©s de 6 Ă 59 mois. Chez ces derniers, des prĂ©lĂšvements dâeau selon la source disponible dans le mĂ©nage ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s. Ces analyses ont permis de dĂ©terminer le niveau de contamination microbiologique en recourant Ă la mĂ©thode de la filtration sur membrane. Lâexamen des mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques des deux groupes dâenfants sâest fait en considĂ©rant les frĂ©quences de pathologies physiques rĂ©currentes en une annĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les sujets qui consomment une eau de qualitĂ© pathogĂšne prĂ©sentent une frĂ©quence de mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques supĂ©rieure Ă celle de leurs pairs consommant une eau de meilleure qualitĂ© microbiologique. Par exemple, les pathologies hydriques, tels que les infections entĂ©riques sont significativement diffĂ©rentes entre les deux groupes de nourrissons et dâenfants. On note respectivement une frĂ©quence de 8,9% ; 7,2% contre 0% ; 0%. Ces rĂ©sultats confirment lâhypothĂšse selon laquelle la qualitĂ© microbiologique de lâeau consommĂ©e dans un milieu de vie constitue un facteur qui exerce une action diffĂ©rentielle sur lâapparition des mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques.
The biological maladaptabilities of the child seem to be the product of the stimuli offered by the living environment. The influence of these on the biophysiological functioning of the child is not sufficiently examined. The present research proposes to compare the biological maladaptabilities of children consuming water of pathogenic quality to those of their peers having access to water of non-pathogenic quality. This review focused on 152 Ivorian children aged 6 to 59 months. In the latter, water samples, depending on the source available in the household, were analyzed. These analyzes made it possible to determine the level of microbiological contamination using the membrane filtration method. The examination of the biological maladaptabilities of the two groups of children was done by considering the frequencies of physical pathologies.
The results show that subjects who consume water of pathogenic quality present a frequency of biological maladaptabilities higher than that of their peers consuming water of better microbiological quality. For example, waterborne pathologies, such as enteric infections are significantly different between the two groups of infants and children. We note respectively a frequency of 8,9% ; 7,2% versus 0 % ; 0 %.
These results confirm the hypothesis that the microbiological quality of the water consumed in a living environment is a factor that exerts a differential action on the appearance of biological maladaptabilities
Qualité Biologique de l'Eau de Consommation et Mal-adaptabilités Biologiques chez des Enfants de 6 à 59 Mois de Milieux Socio-sanitaires Différents
Les mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques de lâenfant semblent ĂȘtre le produit des stimulations offertes par le milieu de vie. Lâinfluence de celles-ci sur le fonctionnement biophysiologique de lâenfant nâest pas suffisamment examinĂ©e. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude se propose de comparer les mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques des enfants consommant une eau de qualitĂ© pathogĂšne Ă celles de leurs pairs ayant accĂšs Ă une eau de qualitĂ© non pathogĂšne. Cet examen a portĂ© sur 152 enfants ivoiriens ĂągĂ©s de 6 Ă 59 mois. Chez ces derniers, des prĂ©lĂšvements dâeau selon la source disponible dans le mĂ©nage ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s. Ces analyses ont permis de dĂ©terminer le niveau de contamination microbiologique en recourant Ă la mĂ©thode de la filtration sur membrane. Lâexamen des mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques des deux groupes dâenfants sâest fait en considĂ©rant les frĂ©quences de pathologies physiques rĂ©currentes en une annĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les sujets qui consomment une eau de qualitĂ© pathogĂšne prĂ©sentent une frĂ©quence de mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques supĂ©rieure Ă celle de leurs pairs consommant une eau de meilleure qualitĂ© microbiologique. Par exemple, les pathologies hydriques, tels que les infections entĂ©riques sont significativement diffĂ©rentes entre les deux groupes de nourrissons et dâenfants. On note respectivement une frĂ©quence de 8,9% ; 7,2% contre 0% ; 0%. Ces rĂ©sultats confirment lâhypothĂšse selon laquelle la qualitĂ© microbiologique de lâeau consommĂ©e dans un milieu de vie constitue un facteur qui exerce une action diffĂ©rentielle sur lâapparition des mal-adaptabilitĂ©s biologiques.
The biological maladaptabilities of the child seem to be the product of the stimuli offered by the living environment. The influence of these on the biophysiological functioning of the child is not sufficiently examined. The present research proposes to compare the biological maladaptabilities of children consuming water of pathogenic quality to those of their peers having access to water of non-pathogenic quality. This review focused on 152 Ivorian children aged 6 to 59 months. In the latter, water samples, depending on the source available in the household, were analyzed. These analyzes made it possible to determine the level of microbiological contamination using the membrane filtration method. The examination of the biological maladaptabilities of the two groups of children was done by considering the frequencies of physical pathologies.
The results show that subjects who consume water of pathogenic quality present a frequency of biological maladaptabilities higher than that of their peers consuming water of better microbiological quality. For example, waterborne pathologies, such as enteric infections are significantly different between the two groups of infants and children. We note respectively a frequency of 8,9% ; 7,2% versus 0 % ; 0 %.
These results confirm the hypothesis that the microbiological quality of the water consumed in a living environment is a factor that exerts a differential action on the appearance of biological maladaptabilities
RĂ©silience Biophysique chez des Patients Adultes dâHĂ©rĂ©ditĂ© DiffĂ©rents Ă Abidjan
Lâadaptation biophysique chez les personnes en situation de diabĂšte semble dĂ©pendre soit du biotype, ou de lâhĂ©ritabilitĂ© Ă©cobiologique, soit des caractĂšres hĂ©rĂ©ditaires acquis dont ils bĂ©nĂ©ficient. La contribution de chacune de ces identitĂ©s biosinguliĂšres dans le rĂ©ajustement biophysiologique de ces derniers est loin d'ĂȘtre suffisamment explorĂ©e. Le prĂ©sent travail se propose dâexaminer la rĂ©silience physique des patients adultes ayant diffĂ©rentes formes dâhĂ©rĂ©ditĂ© du diabĂšte. Elle porte sur 225 participants diabĂ©tiques ayant un Ăąge compris entre 35 et 54 ans dont 100 hommes et 125 femmes prĂ©sentant diffĂ©rentes sources dâinfection du diabĂšte. Les donnĂ©es relatives aux caractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques et lâorigine du diabĂšte ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es Ă travers un questionnaire de 20 items en face Ă face. La mesure du profil physique des sujets sâest faite en considĂ©rant le poids, lâIndice de Masse Corporelle (IMC), le tour de taille et de hanche. Ceux-ci ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus par lâutilisation dâune balance Ă©lectronique (le poids), et dâun ruban mĂštre (tours de taille et de hanche). Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s entre les diabĂ©tiques selon la âdiabĂ©togenĂšseâ. Le test anova multivariĂ© pour la comparaison multiple, le test t de student pour la comparaison deux Ă deux des paramĂštres physiques ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour lâĂ©valuation de lâinfluence de lâhĂ©rĂ©ditĂ© sur lâĂ©volution des caractĂšres physiques du sujet diabĂ©tique. Les rĂ©sultats aux tests statistiques prĂ©cĂ©demment Ă©voquĂ©s montrent que les patients ayant hĂ©ritĂ© du diabĂšte prĂ©sentent des poids, des IMC moyens infĂ©rieur Ă ceux de leurs pairs nâayant pas hĂ©ritĂ© du diabĂšte, aprĂšs vingt-quatre (24) mois de prise en charge. Des rĂ©sultats similaires sont observĂ©s concernant les proportions des tours de taille et de hanche des deux groupes de patients. Les patients diabĂ©tiques ayant hĂ©ritĂ© du diabĂšte seraient physiquement plus rĂ©silients que leurs homologues nâayant pas hĂ©ritĂ© du diabĂšte. Cette rĂ©silience est plus accrue chez les femmes. La source du diabĂšte ou la diabĂ©togenĂšse influencerait la rĂ©gulation physique du sujet diabĂ©tique.
Biophysical adaptation in people with diabetes appears to depend on either biotype, or ecobiological heritability, or acquired traits that they have. The contribution of each of these biosingular identities in their biophysiological readjustment is far from being sufficiently explored. The present work proposes to examine the physical resilience of adult diabetics with different hereditary diabetes. The study involved 225 diabetic patients aged between 35 and 54 years, including 100 men and 125 women presenting different sources of diabetes infection. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and origin of diabetes were collected through a 20 face to face questionnaire. The measurement of physical profile of the subjects was done by considering the weight, the body mass index (BMI), the hip circumferences. These were obtained by using an electronic scale (Weight), and tape measure for waist size and hip circumferences. The data were compared between diabetics according to diabetogenesis. The multivariate anova test for multiple comparisons and Studentâs t-test for pairwise comparison of physical parameters was used to evaluate the influence of heredity on the evolution of physical characteristics of the diabetic subject.
The results of the statistical tests mentioned above show that diabetics with inherited diabetes have a lower average weight and BMI than their peers without inherited diabetes after twenty-four (24) months of care. Similar results are observed for the proportions of waist and hip circumferences of both groups of patients. inherited diabetic patients would be physically more resilient than their non-inherited. This resilience is much greater in women. The source of diabetes or diabetogenesis would influence the physical regulation of the diabetic subject
ABSTRACT The Essence of XML
The World-Wide Web Consortium (W3C) promotes XML and related standards, including XML Schema, XQuery, and XPath. This paper describes a formalization of XML Schema. A formal semantics based on these ideas is part of the official XQuery and XPath specification, one of the first uses of formal methods by a standards body. XML Schema features both named and structural types, with structure based on tree grammars. While structural types and matching have been studied in other work (notably XDuce, Relax NG, and a previous formalization of XML Schema), this is the first work to study the relation between named types and structural types, and the relation between matching and validation
11. 19 juin 1820, Instruction contenant des dispositions réglementaires relatives aux écoles de filles (extrait)
Siméon Joseph-JérÎme. 11. 19 juin 1820, Instruction contenant des dispositions réglementaires relatives aux écoles de filles (extrait). In: L'enseignement de l'histoire à l'école primaire de la Révolution à nos jours, textes officiels, Tome I : 1793-1914. Paris : Institut national de recherche pédagogique, 2007. p. 105. (BibliothÚque de l'Histoire de l'Education, 22
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